七月流火，九月授衣。一之日觱发，二之日栗烈。无衣无褐，何以卒岁。三之日于耜，四之日举趾。同我妇子，馌彼南亩，田畯至喜。
七月流火，九月授衣。春日载阳，有鸣仓庚。女执懿筐，遵彼微行，爰求柔桑。春日迟迟，采蘩祁祁。女心伤悲，殆及公子同归。
七月流火，八月萑苇。蚕月条桑，取彼斧斨，以伐远扬，猗彼女桑。七月鸣鵙，八月载绩。载玄载黄，我朱孔阳，为公子裳。
四月秀葽，五月鸣蜩。八月其获，十月陨萚。一之日于貉，取彼狐狸，为公子裘。二之日其同，载缵武功，言私其豵，献豣于公。
五月斯螽动股，六月莎鸡振羽，七月在野，八月在宇，九月在户，十月蟋蟀入我床下。穹窒熏鼠，塞向墐户。嗟我妇子，曰为改岁，入此室处。
六月食郁及薁，七月亨葵及菽，八月剥枣，十月获稻，为此春酒，以介眉寿。七月食瓜，八月断壶，九月叔苴，采荼薪樗，食我农夫。
九月筑场圃，十月纳禾稼。黍稷重穋，禾麻菽麦。嗟我农夫，我稼既同，上入执宫功。昼尔于茅，宵尔索綯。亟其乘屋，其始播百谷。
二之日凿冰冲冲，三之日纳于凌阴。四之日其蚤，献羔祭韭。九月肃霜，十月涤场。朋酒斯飨，曰杀羔羊。跻彼公堂，称彼兕觥，万寿无疆。
译文及注释
译文
七月大火星向西落，九月妇女缝寒衣。十一月北风劲吹，十二月寒气袭人。没有好衣没粗衣，怎么度过这年底？正月开始修锄犁，二月下地去耕种。带着妻儿一同去，把饭送到向阳的土地上去，田官赶来吃酒食。
七月大火星向西落，九月妇女缝寒衣。春天阳光暖融融，黄鹂婉转唱着歌。姑娘提着深竹筐，一路沿着小道走。伸手采摘嫩桑叶，春来日子渐渐长。人来人往采白蒿，姑娘心中好伤悲，害怕要随贵人嫁他乡。
七月大火星向西落，八月要把芦苇割。三月修剪桑树枝，取来锋利的斧头。砍掉高高长枝条，攀着细枝摘嫩桑。七月伯劳声声叫，八月开始把麻织。染丝有黑又有黄，我的红色更鲜亮，献给贵人做衣裳。
四月远志开了花，五月知了阵阵叫。八月田间收获忙，十月树上叶子落。十一月上山猎貉，猎取狐狸皮毛好，送给贵人做皮袄。十二月猎人会合，继续操练打猎功。打到小猪归自己，猎到大猪献王公。
五月蚱蜢弹腿叫，六月纺织娘振翅。七月蟋蟀在田野，八月来到屋檐下。九月蟋蟀进门口，十月钻进我床下。堵塞鼠洞熏老鼠，封好北窗糊门缝。叹我妻儿好可怜，岁末将过新年到，迁入这屋把身安。
六月食李和葡萄，七月煮葵又煮豆。八月开始打红枣，十月下田收稻谷。酿成春酒美又香，为了主人求长寿。七月里面可吃瓜，八月到来摘葫芦。九月拾起秋麻子，采摘苦菜又砍柴，养活农夫把心安。
九月修筑打谷场，十月庄稼收进仓。黍稷早稻和晚稻，粟麻豆麦全入仓。叹我农夫真辛苦，庄稼刚好收拾完，又为官家筑宫室。白天要去割茅草，夜里赶着搓绳索。赶紧上房修好屋，开春还得种百谷。
十二月凿冰冲冲，正月搬进冰窖中。二月开初祭祖先，献上韭菜和羊羔。九月寒来始降霜，十月清扫打谷场。两槽美酒敬宾客，宰杀羊羔大家尝。登上主人的庙堂，举杯共同敬主人，齐声高呼寿无疆。
注释
七月流火：火（古读huǐ），星座名，即心宿，每年夏历六月出现于正南方，位置最高，七月后逐渐偏西下沉，故称“流火”。
授衣：将裁制冬衣的工作交给女工。九月丝麻等事结束，所以在这时开始做冬衣。
一之日：十月以后第一个月的日子。以下二之日、三之日等仿此。为豳历纪日法。觱（bì）发（bō）：大风触物声。
栗烈：或作“凛冽”，形容气寒。
褐：粗布衣。
于：犹“为”。为耜是说修理耒耜（耕田起土之具）。
趾：足。 “举趾”是说去耕田。
馌（yè）：馈送食物。亩：指田身。田耕成若干垄，高处为亩，低处为畎。田垄东西向的叫做“东亩”，南北向的叫做“南亩”。这两句是说妇人童子往田里送饭给耕者。
田畯（jùn）：农官名，又称农正或田大夫。
春日：指二月。载：始。阳：温暖。
仓庚：鸟名，就是黄莺。
懿（yì）：深。
微行：小径（桑间道）。
爰（yuán）：语词，犹“曰”。柔桑：初生的桑叶。
迟迟：天长的意思。
蘩（fán）：菊科植物，即白蒿。古人用于祭祀，女子在嫁前有“教成之祭”。一说用蘩“沃”蚕子，则蚕易出，所以养蚕者需要它。其法未详。祁祁：众多（指采蘩者）。
公子：指国君之子。殆及公子同归：是说怕被公子强迫带回家去。一说指怕被女公子带去陪嫁。
萑（huán）苇：芦苇。八月萑苇长成，收割下来，可以做箔。
蚕月：指三月。条桑：修剪桑树。
斨（qiāng）：方孔的斧头。
远扬：指长得太长而高扬的枝条。
猗（yǐ）：《说文》《广雅》作“掎”，牵引。“掎桑”是用手拉着桑枝来采叶。南朝乐府诗《采桑度》云：“系条采春桑，采叶何纷纷”，似先用绳系桑然后拉着绳子采。女桑：小桑。
鵙（jú）：鸟名，即伯劳。
玄：是黑而赤的颜色。玄、黄指丝织品与麻织品的染色。
朱：赤色。阳：鲜明。以上二句言染色有玄有黄有朱，而朱色尤为鲜明。
葽（yāo）：植物名，今名远志。秀葽：言远志开花。
蜩（tiáo）：蝉。
陨萚（tuò）：落叶。
于貉：《郑笺》：“于貉，往博貉以自为裘也。”貉（hé）：哺乳动物。外貌像狐狸，昼伏夜出。
同：聚合，言狩猎之前聚合众人。
缵（zuǎn）：继续。武功：指田猎。
豵（zòng）：一岁小猪，这里用来代表比较小的兽。私其豵：言小兽归猎者私有。
豜（jiān）：三岁的猪，代表大兽。大兽献给公家。
斯螽（zhōng）：虫名，蝗类，即蚱蜢、蚂蚱。旧说斯螽以两股相切发声，“动股”言其发出鸣声。
莎鸡：虫名，今名纺织娘。振羽：言鼓翅发声。
穹：空隙。窒：堵塞。穹窒：言将室内满塞的角落搬空，搬空了才便于熏鼠。
向：朝北的窗户。墐：用泥涂抹。贫家门扇用柴竹编成，涂泥使它不通风。
曰：《汉书》引作“聿”，语词。改岁：是说旧年将尽，新年快到。
郁：植物名，唐棣之类。树高五六尺，果实像李子，赤色。薁（yù）：植物名，果实大如桂圆。一说为野葡萄。
菽（shū）：豆的总名。
剥（pū）：读为“扑”，打。
春酒：冬天酿酒经春始成，叫做“春酒”。枣和稻都是酿酒的原料。
介：祈求。眉寿：长寿，人老眉间有豪毛，叫秀眉，所以长寿称眉寿。
壶：葫芦。
叔：拾。苴（jū）：秋麻之籽，可以吃。
樗（chū）：木名，臭椿。薪樗：言采樗木为薪。
场：是打谷的场地。圃：是菜园。春夏做菜园的地方秋冬就做成场地，所以场圃连成一词。
纳：收进谷仓。稼：古读如“故”。禾稼：谷类通称。
重：即“种”，是先种后熟的谷。穋（lù）：即稑（lù），稑是后种先熟的谷。
禾麻菽麦：这句的“禾”是专指一种谷，即今之小米。
功：事。宫功：指建筑宫室，或指室内的事。
索：动词，指制绳。綯（táo）：绳。索綯：是说打绳子。上两句言白天取茅草，夜晚打绳子。
亟：急。乘屋：盖屋。茅和绳都是盖屋需用的东西。以上三句言宫功完毕后，急忙修理自己的屋子。因为播谷的工作又要开始了，不得不急。
冲冲：古读如“沉”，凿冰之声。
凌：冰。阴：指藏冰之处。
蚤：读为“爪”，取。这句是说取冰。
献羔祭韭（jiǔ）：这句是说用羔羊和韭菜祭祖。《礼记·月令》说仲春献羔开冰，四之日正是仲春。
肃霜：犹“肃爽”，双声连语。这句是说九月天高气爽。
涤场：清扫场地。这句是说十月农事完全结束，将场地打扫干净。一说“涤场”即“涤荡”，“十月涤荡”是说到了十月草木摇落无余。
朋酒：两樽酒。这句连下句是说年终燕乐。
跻（jī）：登。公堂：或指公共场所，不一定是国君的朝堂。
称：举。兕（sì）觥（gōng）：角爵。古代用兽角做的酒器。
万：大。无疆：无穷。以上三句言升堂举觞，祝君长寿。▲
赏析
豳地在今陕西旬邑、彬县一带，公刘时代周之先民还是一个农业部落。《豳风·七月》反映了这个部落一年四季的劳动生活，涉及到衣食住行各个方面，它的作者当是部落中的成员，所以口吻酷肖，角度极准，从各个侧面展示了当时社会的风俗画，凡春耕、秋收、冬藏、采桑、染绩、缝衣、狩猎、建房、酿酒、劳役、宴飨，无所不写。
诗从七月写起，按农事活动的顺序，以平铺直叙的手法，逐月展开各个画面。诗中使用的是周历。周历以夏历（今之农历，一称阴历）的十一月为正月，七月、八月、九月、十月以及四、五、六月，皆与夏历相同。“一之日”、“二之日”、“三之日”、“四之日”，即夏历的十一月、十二月、一月、二月。“蚕月”，即夏历的三月。戴震《毛郑诗考证》指出：周时虽改为周正（以农历十一月为正月岁首），但民间农事仍沿用夏历。
首章以鸟瞰式的手法，概括了劳动者全年的生活，向读者展示了那个凄苦艰辛的岁月。同时它也为以后各章奠定了基调，提示了总纲。朱熹《诗集传》云：“此章前段言衣之始，后段言食之始。二章至五章，终前段之意。六章至八章，终后段之意。”在结构上如此安排，确是相当严谨。所谓“衣之始”、“食之始”，实际上指农业社会中耕与织两大主要事项。这两项是贯穿全篇的主线。首章是说九月里妇女“桑麻之事已毕，始可为衣”。十一月以后便进入朔风凛冽的冬天，农夫们连粗布衣衫也没有一件，怎么能度过年关，故而发出“何以卒岁”的哀叹。可是春天一到，他们又整理农具到田里耕作。老婆孩子则到田头送饭，田官见他们劳动很卖力，不由得面露喜色。民间诗人以粗线条勾勒了一个框架，当时社会生活的整体风貌已呈现在读者面前。以后各章便从各个侧面、各个局部进行较为细致的刻画。
诗的二、三章情调逐渐昂扬，色调逐渐鲜明。明媚的春光照着田野，莺声呖呖。背着筐儿的妇女，结伴儿沿着田间小路去采桑。她们的劳动似乎很愉快，但心中不免怀有隐忧：“女心伤悲，殆及公子同归。”首章“田唆至喜”，只是以轻轻的一笔点到了当时社会的阶级关系，这里便慢慢地加以展开。“公子”，论者多谓豳公之子。豳公占有大批土地和农奴，他的儿子们对农家美貌女子也享有与其“同归”的特权。汉乐府《秋胡行》和《陌上桑》诗中似乎有这样的影子，虽然那是千年以后的事，但生活中的规律往往也会出现某些相似的地方。姑娘们的美貌使她们担心人身的不自由；姑娘们的灵巧和智慧，也使她们担心劳动果实为他人所占有：“八月载绩，载玄载黄，我朱孔阳，为公子裳。”她们织出五颜六色的丝绸，都成了公子身上的衣裳，正如宋人张俞的《蚕妇》诗所说：“遍身罗绮者，不是养蚕人。”
四、五两章虽从“衣之始”一条线发展而来，但亦有发展变化。“秀葽”、“鸣蜩”，带有起兴之意，下文重点写狩猎。他们打下的狐狸，要“为公子裘”；他们打下的大猪，要贡献给豳公，自己只能留下小的吃。这里再一次描写了当时的阶级关系。五章着重写昆虫以反映季节的变化，由蟋蟀依人写到寒之将至，笔墨工细，绘影绘声，饶有诗意。《诗集传》云：“斯螽、莎鸡、蟋蟀，一物随时变化而异其名。动股，始跃而以股鸣也。振羽，能飞而以翅鸣也。”咏物之作，如此细腻，令人惊叹。“穹窒熏鼠”以下四句，写农家打扫室内，准备过冬，在结构上“亦以终首章前段御寒之意”。
六、七、八章，承“食之始”一条线而来，好像一组连续的电影镜头，表现了农家朴素而安详的生活：六、七月里他们“食郁（郁李）及薁”、“亨（烹）葵（葵菜）及菽（豆子）”。七、八月里，他们打枣子，割葫芦。十月里收下稻谷，酿制春酒，给老人祝寿。可是粮食刚刚进仓，又得给老爷们营造公房，与上面所写的自己的居室的破烂简陋适成鲜明对比。“筑场圃”、“纳禾稼”，写一年农事的最后完成。正如《诗集传》引吕氏所云：“此章（第七章）终始农事，以极忧勤艰难之意。”
到了最后一章，也就是第八章，诗人用较愉快的笔调描写了这个村落宴饮称觞的盛况。一般论者以为农夫既这么辛苦，上头又有田官监督、公子剥削，到了年终，不可能有条件有资格“跻彼公堂，称彼兕觥”。其实社会是复杂的，即使在封建社会的中期，农民年终时也相互邀饮，如宋代秦观《田居四首》所写：“田家重农隙，翁妪相邀迓。班坐酾酒醪，一行三四谢。”陆游《游山西村》诗也说：“莫笑田家腊酒浑，丰年留客足鸡豚。”《豳风·七月》所写上古社会的西周村落生活，农闲之时，举酒庆贺，也是情理中事。
中国古代诗歌一向以抒情诗为主，叙事诗较少。这首诗却以叙事为主，在叙事中写景抒情，形象鲜明，诗意浓郁。通过诗中人物娓娓动听的叙述，又真实地展示了当时的劳动场面、生活图景和各种人物的面貌，以及农夫与公家的相互关系，构成了西周早期社会一幅男耕女织的风俗画。《诗经》的表现手法有赋、比、兴三种，这首诗正是采用赋体，“敷陈其事”、“随物赋形”，反映了生活的真实。▲
创作背景
《国风·豳风·七月》是《诗经·国风》中最长的一首诗。汉书·地理志》云：“昔后稷封斄，公刘处豳，太王徙岐，文王作酆，武王治镐，其民有先王遗风，好稼穑，务本业，故豳诗言农桑衣食之本甚备。”据此，此篇当作于西周初期，即公刘处豳时期。
appreciation
In today’s Xunyi and Binxian areas of Shaanxi Province, the ancestors of Zhou Dynasty were still an agricultural tribe in Gongliu era《 Chen Feng · July reflects the working life of the tribe all year round, involving all aspects of clothing, food, housing and transportation. Its author should be a member of the tribe, so his tone is very similar and his angle is very accurate. It shows the social custom paintings of that time from all aspects, including spring ploughing, autumn harvest, winter collection, mulberry picking, dyeing, sewing, hunting, house building, wine making, servitude and feasting.
Since July, the poem has been written in the order of farming activities and unfolded every picture month by month in a straightforward way. Zhou calendar is used in the poem. The first month of the Zhou calendar is November of the summer calendar (today’s lunar calendar, also known as the lunar calendar). July, August, September, October, and April, may, and June are the same as those of the summer calendar“ The first day, the second day, the third day and the fourth day are November, December, January and February in the summer calendar“ Silkworm month “is the march of the summer calendar. Dai Zhen’s textual research on Mao Zheng’s poems points out that although Zhou Shi was changed to Zhou Zheng (taking November as the first month of the first month of the lunar calendar), folk farming still uses the summer calendar.
The first chapter summarizes the laborer’s life in the whole year by bird’s-eye view, and shows the readers the miserable and hard years. At the same time, it also establishes the keynote for the following chapters and prompts the general outline. Zhu Xi’s “poetry collection biography” says: “the beginning of the first paragraph of this chapter is about clothing, and the beginning of the second paragraph is about food. From chapter two to chapter five, it concludes the meaning of the preceding paragraph. Chapter six to chapter eight is the last part In terms of structure, this arrangement is quite rigorous. The so-called “the beginning of clothing” and “the beginning of food” actually refer to the two major issues of farming and weaving in agricultural society. These two items are the main line throughout the whole article. In the first chapter, it is said that in September, women “can only make clothes when the mulberry and hemp affairs are finished.”. After November, it was a cold winter. The farmers didn’t even have a thick cloth shirt. How could they get through the new year? So they lamented “why did they die?”. But as soon as spring came, they arranged their farm tools and ploughed in the fields. His wife and children went to the field to deliver food. Seeing that they worked very hard, Tian Guan couldn’t help looking happy. Folk poets outline a framework with thick lines, and the overall style of social life at that time has been presented to readers. After that, each chapter will carry on the more detailed description from each side and each part.
The second and third chapters of the poem are full of emotion and bright colors. The bright spring light is shining on the fields, and the warbler’s voice is ringing. The woman with the basket on her back went to gather mulberry along the path in the field. Their labor seems to be very happy, but they can’t help harbouring a secret worry in their hearts: “women’s heart is sad, and they can’t go back to their childe.” The first chapter “Tian Tuo Zhi Xi” is just a light touch to the social class relations at that time, and then it is slowly unfolded here“ “Childe” is the son of Chen Gong. Chen Gong occupied a large number of land and serfs, and his sons also enjoyed the privilege of “returning to the same land” with the beautiful women of the peasant family. It seems that there is such a shadow in the poems of qiuhuxing and Moshangsang in Yuefu of Han Dynasty. Although it is a thousand years later, there are some similarities in the laws of life. The beauty of the girls made them worry about personal freedom; The dexterity and wisdom of the girls also make them worry that the fruits of their labor will be possessed by others: “in August, I carry achievements, I carry Xuan, I carry Huang, I am Zhu Kongyang, I am your son.” As Zhang Yu of the Song Dynasty wrote in his poem “silkworm woman”, they all weaved colorful silk, which became the clothes of the young master
Although the fourth and fifth chapters developed from the line of “the beginning of clothing”, they also developed and changed“ Xiupeng and Mingao are meant to be lively, and hunting is emphasized in the following. They beat the fox, want to “for childe Qiu”; The big pigs they had laid down were to be contributed to Chen Gong, but they could only leave small ones to eat. Once again, it describes the class relations at that time. The fifth chapter focuses on insects to reflect the changes of seasons, from crickets to the approaching cold, meticulous, picturesque and poetic《 According to the book of songs, “katydids, Shaji and crickets have different names at any time. Move the stock, start to jump, but also with the stock. It can fly and sing with its wings. “ The work of chanting things is so exquisite and amazing“ In the following four sentences, it is written that the farmer cleans the house and prepares for the winter. In the structure, it also means “keeping out the cold at the beginning of the first chapter”.
Chapter 6, 7 and 8 follow the line of “the beginning of food”, which is like a series of movie scenes, showing the simple and peaceful life of the farmers: in June and July, they “eat Yuli and azulene”, “cook Kui (Kui CAI) and Shu (Dou Zi)”. 7、 In August, they beat dates and cut gourds. In October, rice was collected and spring wine was brewed to celebrate the old man’s birthday. However, as soon as the grain came into the warehouse, they had to build public housing for the old men, which was in sharp contrast to the shabby and shabby living room“ He wrote about the final completion of a year’s farming. Just as Lu Shi quoted in the book of Songs: “this chapter (Chapter 7) is about farming all the time, which means to worry about hard work.”
In the last chapter, that is, the eighth chapter, the poet describes in a more pleasant tone the grand feast of the village. Generally speaking, farmers are hard-working, supervised by the land officials and exploited by the young master. At the end of the year, they can not be qualified to “join the court and call it” Bi Gong “. In fact, the society is complex. Even in the middle of feudal society, farmers invited each other to drink at the end of the year. For example, in the Song Dynasty Qin Guan’s “Tian Ju Si Shou”, it was written: “the Tian family attaches great importance to the gap between farmers, and Weng and Fu invite each other. Class sitting wine mash, a line of three or four thanks Lu You’s poem “you Shan Xi Cun” also says: “don’t laugh at the Tian family’s mellow wine. In good years, there are enough chickens and porpoises.”《 It is also reasonable to celebrate the village life of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the ancient society in July of CHENFENG.
Chinese ancient poetry has always been mainly lyric poetry, less narrative poetry. However, this poem is mainly based on narration, in which scenery is depicted to express feelings, with distinct image and rich poetic flavor. Through the vivid narration of the characters in the poem, it truly shows the scene of labor, the prospect of life and the appearance of various characters at that time, as well as the relationship between farmers and the public, which constitutes a custom painting of men farming and women weaving in the early Western Zhou Dynasty《 There are three ways of expression in the book of Songs: Fu, Bi and Xing. This poem uses Fu style to reflect the reality of life. ▲
Creative background
“Guofeng · CHENFENG · July” is the longest poem in the book of songs · Guofeng. The geography annals of the Han Dynasty says: “in the past, Ji was granted the title of emperor, Gongliu was appointed to Chen, Taiwang moved to Qi, Wenwang was appointed to Feng, and Wuwang was appointed to pick. His people had the legacy of the former king, and they were good at farming and doing their own work. Therefore, his poems said that the foundation of farming, mulberry, clothing and food was very well prepared.” Therefore, this article is regarded as in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, that is, Gongliu chuchen period.